Solar panels, as one of the most accessible renewable energy sources, are increasingly common on Canadian rooftops. They offer a clean and renewable source of power that can help reduce your carbon footprint and save you money on energy bills.
But how do solar panels work? Let’s explore the science behind how solar panels work and why they might be the perfect addition to your home.
The Science of How Solar Energy Systems Work
At the heart of how solar panels work lies the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon where sunlight interacts with certain materials to help solar panels generate electricity.
The Photovoltaic Effect
How does solar energy work with solar panels? Tiny particles of light, called photons, stream from the sun and hit a solar panel. When these particles hit the flexible solar cells inside the panel, they free electrons needed to produce electricity. The photovoltaic cells are made of semiconductor materials, like silicon, which have a unique structure that allows these freed electrons to flow in one direction, creating an electrical current and generating electricity.
Solar Panel Components
An electric solar panel is a carefully engineered system designed to absorb light energy efficiently and protect the delicate cells within. Here’s a quick look at how solar panels work with these main components:
- Solar Cells: These are the workhorses of the panel. They convert sunlight into electricity.
- Encapsulant: A protective layer that shields the solar cell from moisture and debris.
- Backsheet: Provides additional protection and insulation for the back of the panel.
- Frame: A sturdy structure that holds everything together and allows for easy installation.
- Junction Box: This component houses the wiring that connects the photovoltaic cell and allows for easy monitoring and maintenance.
DC to AC Conversion
When solar thermal panels generate electricity, it’s usually direct current (DC), which is the same type of electricity that powers batteries. But how do solar panels work on a house when most household appliances and the electrical grid run on alternating current (AC)?
That’s where the solar inverter comes in. These solar inverters convert the DC electricity from your solar panels into usable AC electricity that can power your home or be sent back to the grid.
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Types of Solar Panels
Not all solar panels are created equal. There are three types with unique characteristics and advantages, but how solar energy works with each of these panels is the same. Let’s explore the three main types of solar panels available for consumers today.
- Monocrystalline Solar Panels: These panels are made from a single, high-purity silicon crystal, giving them a sleek black appearance and the highest efficiency rates among all solar panel types. This means they can generate more electricity in a given space, making them ideal for homeowners with limited roof space or high energy needs. However, this superior performance comes at a slightly higher cost.
- Polycrystalline Solar Panels: Polycrystalline panels are made from multiple silicon fragments melted together, resulting in a bluish appearance and slightly lower efficiency rates compared to monocrystalline panels. They are generally less expensive, making them popular for larger installations or budget-conscious homeowners.
- Thin-Film Solar Panels: These panels are made by depositing a thin layer of photovoltaic material onto a substrate, such as glass or plastic. They are lightweight, flexible, and can be less expensive to manufacture. However, they generally have lower efficiency rates than crystalline panels. Thin-film panels are often used in specialized applications or unique installations where their flexibility or lightweight nature is advantageous.
Read more: The Shift to Net Zero: Why Solar Makes Sense
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Factors Affecting the Efficiency of How Solar Panels Work
Several factors influence how solar panels work to convert the sun’s energy into electricity. Sunlight intensity is key—more sun means more power. However, high temperatures can surprisingly affect how solar power works by reducing efficiency, even though modern panels are designed to handle heat.
Shade, even in small amounts, significantly impacts output, so careful placement is vital. Lastly, panels gradually degrade over time, but with proper care, they can last for decades and generate clean energy for years.
How Do Solar Panels Work with Your Electric Bill?
Solar panels aren’t just about generating clean energy. Keep reading to see how solar panels work to reduce your utility bills.
Net Metering
In many Canadian provinces, net metering programs allow you to send any excess electrical energy generated by your solar panels back to the grid. Your utility company will then credit you for this energy, which can offset your electricity costs during periods when your panels aren’t producing enough power, such as at night or on cloudy days.
Time-of-Use Rates
Some utility companies offer time-of-use (TOU) rates, where electricity prices vary depending on the time of day. With solar energy systems, you can generate the most electricity during peak sunlight hours, which often coincide with peak TOU rates. This allows you to offset your energy consumption during these expensive periods by using the solar energy stored in your batteries, potentially leading to significant savings on your bill.
Rebates
In addition to net metering and TOU benefits, various federal and provincial rebate programs can help reduce the upfront cost of installing solar panels. These programs often offer financial incentives based on the size and type of your system, making concentrated solar power even more accessible and affordable for Canadian homeowners.
Savings
The amount you can save on your electric bill with solar panels depends on various factors, including the size of your system, your energy consumption patterns, the local electricity rates, and available rebates. However, many homeowners see a significant reduction in their electricity costs, with some eliminating energy charges altogether.
Read more: Maximizing Your Solar Savings and Tips for Reducing Your Energy Bills
Take Control of Your Energy with mySolar
Finding the answer to “how do solar panels work?” is the first step to becoming more energy independent, saving money, and reducing your carbon footprint. The second step is to work with a trusted solar energy company like mySolar.
We’re your full-service solar partner, meaning we’ll handle everything from design to procurement to installation, ensuring top-quality down to the last detail. Let our in-house experts guide you through rebates and financing to get you set up with high-performance panels.
Contact mySolar today for your free custom solar report and discover how you can harness the sun’s power for a brighter tomorrow.
